References for editors

Examples of URNs

Be sure you can distinguish among URNs for text passages, manuscript pages, and images.

  • Iliad text
    • Venetus B: urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.msB:
  • scholia text
    • Venetus B: urn:cts:greekLit:tlg5026.msB.hmt:
  • manuscript pages
    • Venetus B: urn:cite2:hmt:msB.v1:

Request URNs for new personal names, place names, etc using forms on the hmt-authlists repository

XML usage

Summary of character set usage

  • alphabetic c haracters: alphabetic α-ω in upper or lower case. They may be combined with accents and/or breathings in the Unicode Greek range.
  • punctuation:
    • period = .
    • comma = ,
    • interrogation mark = ;
    • high stop = :
    • the “second” or “doubled” grave accent (a punctuation mark occasionally included in Venetus B and Upsilon 1.1 to mark some kind of clausal or phrasal unit) = ⸌ (Unicode U+2e0c)
    • “end-of-scholion/unit” marker: ⁑ (Unicode U+2015)
    • “cross” marking change of unit: ‡ (Unicode U+2021)
  • quantity:
    • macron = _ (underscore)
    • breve = ^

  • “floating” characters: our manuscripts sometimes create combinations of accents, breathings and other marks that we do not encounter in modern typeset Greek, and that cannot be encoded with Unicode characters. In those cases where you may need to add an additional diacritic character, use the following encodings:

    -   "floating" diaeresis =  `+`

Concise summary of XML usage

Our XML markup falls in 4 tiers:

  1. transcription level (or, editorial status): unclear, gaps, etc
  2. tokenization level: words, abbreviations, superlinear addtions, deletions, corrections, scribal multiforms, character strings
  3. editorial disambiguation level: named entities
  4. discourse disambiguation: quotations and citable references

At each level, the following TEI elements are allowed:

Transcription level

Element Meaning Example Comments
unclear There are traces of a letter or letters, but not enough to be certain how to read them. <unclear>καὶ</unclear> Some traces visible, you think the reading is καὶ
gap Letters are missing or completely illegible due to damage <gap/> Note that gap is an empty element with no content,
del Text deleted by scribe (e.g., with overdots) καὶ <del>καὶ</del> The scribe deleted the second καὶ
add Text added by script (eg, above line) <add>et</add> καὶ was not part of the original text but was added by the scribe

Tokenization level

Element Meaning Example Comments
num One or more numeric characters. <num value="2">β</num> Put the numeric value in the value attribute. Note that you should not tag number words like δύο!
w Wrap any word that is broken up by markup. <w>γέρ<unclear>ον</unclear>τας</w> The letters ον are unclear, but we want our parser to recognize γέροντας as a single word.
choice containing abbr and expan Text includes an abbreviation; you are including an expansion for it <choice><abbr>μηρ</abbr><expan>μήτηρ</expan></choice> The scribe writes μηρ (perhaps including a distinct mark signaling an abbreviation); you interpret it to mean μήτηρ
choice containing sic and corr Scribe deletes original reading, inserts a correction <choice><sic>ὑπθετο</sic><corr>ὑπέθετο</corr></choice> Scribe orginally wrote ὑπθετο but changed the text to ὑπέθετο
choice containing orig and reg Scribe offers an alternate second reading without deleting the original reading. <choice><orig>σοι</orig><reg>τοί</reg></choice> Scribe wrote σοι in the main text, then added τοί as an alternative above it, but did not delete σοι.

Editorial disambiguation level

Named entities with @n attribute with URN value:

Element Meaning Example Comments
persName Proper name of a person <persName n="urn:cite2:hmt:persname.v1:pers1">Ἀχιλλεύς</persName> Include a URN value in the n attribute
placeName Proper name of a place (real or imaginary) <placeName n="urn:cite2:hmt:place.v1:place6">΅Ιλιον</placeName> Include a URN value in the n attribute
rs, type = ethnic Name of an ethnic group <rs @type="ethnic" n="urn:cite2:hmt:place.v1:place96">Ἀχαιῶν</rs> Include a URN value in the n attribrute

Discourse level

  • q alone:
    • quotation, work not extant
    • quoted example of language. Test: you would not translate this when reading the text, e.g. explaining the declension of a noun by using another common Greek word as an example
  • cit containing q and ref: quotation of extant work
  • title with either CTS URN (extant work) or CITE2URN
  • rs with type="waw" quoted expression not parseable as a Greek word, e.g. “the letter σ”

Indexing scholion markers

Manuscripts like the Venetus B mark the presence of notes with numeric markers like modern footnotes. We record the occurrence of each mumeric marker in the Iliad text in a delimited-text table with five columns. You’ll find an example in the scholionmarkers.cex file of your repository’s collections directory. The five columns are:

1. Identify the marker

You need to assign each scholion marker an identifier in the collection urn:cite2:hmt:vbmarkers.v1:. Use the convention PAGE_SCHOLION. For example, the fifth scholion on folio 51 recto will be urn:cite2:hmt:vbmarkers.v1:51r_5.

2. Transcribe the text of the marker

In the Venetus B, the markers are numeric values. Wrap your reading in a num element with a value attribute giving its numeric value. Example: <num value="19">ιθ</num>

3. Image

Use the Image Citation Tool to identify where on the image you read the marker.

4. Scholion

Give the URN for the scholion this marker corresponds to. Example: this URN refers to the fifth scholion on page 51r of the Venetus B manuscript: urn:cts:greekLit:tlg5026.msB.hmt:4.51r_5

5. Iliad passage with subreference

The final column should give the URN for the Iliad line the marker is attached to. Include at the end of this URN a subreference: an @ sign followed by the text of the word the scholion is above. Marker urn:cite2:hmt:vbmarkers.v1:51r_5, for example, is above the first word of Iliad 4.1, οἱ, so the URN will be urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.msB:4.1@οἱ

Indexing hyphens

Hyphens (the ὑφ’ ἕν) are used to indicate that the marked text is taken together (e.g., as a single word). We record the presence of hyphens in delimtited-text files.

Instructions TBA.

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